If you want to apply for an loan, this will enable you to calculate your Equated Monthly Installment (EMI ) if you know the loan amount you require, term for which you want to take the loan & the rate of interest that is applicable. You can check the EMIs for different loan tenures to decide which would be most suitable for you.
Though large number of websites are offering EMI calulators which are reliable and easy to use, i thought of quizing around with me and tried to formulate.
The forluma to calculate EMI goes like this.
EMI = (P * I)[(1 + I)^n] / [(1 + I)^n] - 1
EMI - Equated Monthly Installment
P - Principal amount
I - Fractional Interest rate i.e., Anually interest rate divided by 12
n - Loan tenure in months
Lets take an example,
Rajesh took a loan of 100000 for one year @ 11% A.P
Here,
P = 100000
I = 11/(12*100) = 0.00917
n = 1 year = 12 months
let put the same in our formula
EMI = (100000 * 0.00917) * (1 + 0.0096)^12 / (1 + 0.0096)^12 - 1
= 917 * (1.11576/1.11576 - 1)
= 917 * 9.638
= 8838
So, EMI is 8838
I have also formulated the same in a spreadsheet.
Loan Amortization Calculator
I thought that it would be easy to formulate Amortization, after all this was just a thought !!.
Lets first look at what amortization is ?
Amortization is a means of paying out a predetermined sum (the principal) plus interest that is Equated Monthly Installment (EMI ) over a fixed period of time, so that the principal is completely eliminated by the end of the term.
Let try formulate it,
There are three main components involved
1. Principal Amount (Amount for which you have taken loan for)
2. Interest rate
3. EMI
For one minute if we think that bank has given a loan for 120000 @ 0% for a period of 1 year. thats only a asumption :). Then, it would be trivial if interest weren't involved, since one could simply divide the principal amount into a certain number of payments and be done with it.
The trick is to find the right payment amount, which includes both principal and interest. Now this is reality.
I started deriving the using a simple pocket calculator, math actually is not celestial mechanics, but it probably doesn't come standard on the basic pocket calculator.
This is my derivation of the formula for amortization. The goal is to find a payment amount, x, which pays off the loan principal, P, after a specified number of payments, N. We start with some variable definitions:
P - The principal borrowed
N - The number of payments
i - The fractional (periodic) interest rate
Pj - The principal part of payment j
Ij - The interest part of payment j
x - The regular payment
Assuming that all payments are the same amount, a payment consists of its interest part and its principal part:
x = Ij + Pj
I1 = iP P1 = x − I1
I2 = i(P − P1) P2 = x − I2
I3 = i(P − P1 − P2) P3 = x − I3, etc.
This schedule states that the payment x includes interest on all of the remaining principal, including that which is part of the current payment. The first payment, there- fore, includes an interest payment on the total borrowed, which defines the minimum payment if we are to make any progress toward paying off the loan.
The Pj ’s may be rewritten into a recurrence relation:
P1 = x − iP
P2 = x − i(P − P1)
= x − i [P − (x − iP)]
= x − iP + ix − i^2P
= (x − iP)(1 + i)
P3 = x − i(P − P1 − P2)
= x − i P − (x − iP) − (x − iP + ix − i^2P) = x + 2ix + i^2x − iP − 2i^2P − i^3P
= x(1 + i)^2 − iP(1 + i)^2
= (x − iP)(1 + i)^2
In general, we will find that
Pj = (x − iP)(1 + i)^(j−1).
So, if we have x which is nothing but the EMI we have calculate in the above earlier. now it would not be difficult to seperate out Prinicipal and Interest part the our equated monthly payment.
Lets take the above example of rajesh and create the amortization chart.
Princiapal - x | 100000.00 |
Rate of Intrest per Year | 11% |
Loan Durataion years | 1.00 |
Rate of Intrest per Month | 0.00917 |
Loan Durataion Months | 12.00 |
EMI | 8838.17 |
so for the first month lets caluclate the Pj and Ij, i.e, P1 and I1
P1 = (8838 - 0.00917*100000)(1+1)^1-1
= 8838 - 917
= 7921
Ij = x - Pj = 917
Smilarly we can calculate for all the months. monthwise amortization is given below
Month | EMI | Prinicipal | Interest |
1 | 8838.17 | 7921.50 | 916.67 |
2 | 8838.17 | 7994.11 | 844.05 |
3 | 8838.17 | 8067.39 | 770.77 |
4 | 8838.17 | 8141.34 | 696.82 |
5 | 8838.17 | 8215.97 | 622.19 |
6 | 8838.17 | 8291.29 | 546.88 |
7 | 8838.17 | 8367.29 | 470.88 |
8 | 8838.17 | 8443.99 | 394.18 |
9 | 8838.17 | 8521.39 | 316.77 |
10 | 8838.17 | 8599.51 | 238.66 |
11 | 8838.17 | 8678.33 | 159.83 |
12 | 8838.17 | 8757.89 | 80.28 |
13 | 8838.17 | 8838.17 | 0.00 |